article Open Access (hybrid) EN 2014-10-01

Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections

The Journal of Pathology, Vol. 235, Issue 2, pp. 185–195 (2014)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

DOI: 10.1002/path.4454 PMID: 25270030

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Abstract

Respiratory viruses can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases, ranging from mild, upper respiratory tract infections to severe and life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections, including the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Viral clearance and subsequent recovery from infection require activation of an effective host immune response; however, many immune effector cells may also cause injury to host tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus cause severe infection of the lower respiratory tract, with 10% and 35% overall mortality rates, respectively; however, >50% mortality rates are seen in the aged and immunosuppressed populations. While these viruses are susceptible to interferon treatment in vitro, they both encode numerous genes that allow for successful evasion of the host immune system until after high virus titres have been achieved. In this review, we discuss the importance of the innate immune response and the development of lung pathology following human coronavirus infection.

Topics

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research 1.00 COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies 0.99 Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology 0.99

Field: Medicine · Subfield: Infectious Diseases

Keywords

ARDS,Immune system,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,Immunology,Coronavirus,Respiratory tract,Respiratory tract infections,Respiratory system,Diffuse alveolar damage,Lung

MeSH Terms

AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAntiviral AgentsAntiviral AgentsAntiviral Agents

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Good health and well-being (0.89)

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