ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions

University of Bristol, Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research, RTI International, Public Health Ontario, University of Toronto, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, University of Ottawa, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, Women's College Hospital, University of York, University of Birmingham, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, University of Liverpool, St. Michael's Hospital, University of East Anglia, Loyola University Chicago, University of Aberdeen, Kaiser Permanente, Baruch College, McMaster University, Cochrane, Ottawa Hospital, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, London International Development Centre, University of Melbourne